410 Stainless Steel
410 is a heat-treatable martensitic stainless steel that balances strength, hardness, and practical corrosion resistance. It is widely used for valves, shafts, fasteners, and turbine parts that work under moderate corrosion and high mechanical stress.
If your project needs wear resistance and reliable performance at elevated temperature, 410 is often a strong option. For seawater immersion or heavy chloride exposure, more corrosion-resistant grades are usually preferred.
Steel family
Martensitic, heat-treatable
Quench and temper can raise hardness significantly.
Oxidation resistance
Up to ~700°C
Suitable for air and steam service by design.
Magnetism
Magnetic
Magnetic in both annealed and hardened states.
Typical products
Bars, plate, pipe
Also supplied as sheet, coil, strip, and shapes.
410 stainless steel is widely used in energy, machinery, and automotive fields requiring wear and oxidation resistance. It is a practical choice for parts that need strength and stable performance under cyclic heating.
- Turbines and steam valves: blades, valve parts, and high-temperature hardware
- Pumps and machinery: shafts, pistons, bolts, and wear parts
- Fasteners: hardware for equipment that runs hot
- Industrial fixtures: molds and heat-resistant supports
- Refinery and power plant: general mechanical parts and accessories
410 can be listed under different naming systems. Use equivalents for reference, but order to the required standard and product form.
| System | Designation | Note |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM / AISI | 410 | Common grade name |
| UNS | S41000 | Used for identification and MTC |
| EN | 1.4006 | European designation |
| DIN | X12Cr13 | German format naming |
| JIS | SUS410 | Common in project documentation |
| GOST / GB | 12Х13 / 1Cr13 | Regional equivalents |
- Heat-treatable strength: strong mechanical performance and wear resistance.
- Moderate corrosion resistance: works reliably in air, water, and mild chemicals.
- Heat resistance: stable oxidation resistance in air or steam service up to about 700°C.
- Magnetic: magnetic in all conditions.
- Cost-effective: often used when austenitic grades are not required.
The limits below are widely used for 410 across common standards. Always confirm the delivered chemistry on the Mill Test Certificate.
| Element | Typical limit / range | Role |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.08–0.15% | Supports hardening response and strength |
| Cr | 11.5–13.5% | Oxidation resistance and basic corrosion protection |
| Ni | ≤ 0.75% | Helps toughness, limited in this grade |
| Mn / Si | Mn ≤ 1.0%, Si ≤ 1.0% | Processing and deoxidation control |
| P / S | P ≤ 0.04%, S ≤ 0.03% | Impurity control for quality stability |
| Fe | Balance | Base metal |
Properties vary by product form and thickness. Use the governing specification and code tables for design.
| Property | Typical value | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength | ≥ 520 MPa | Common reference for annealed condition |
| Yield strength (0.2%) | ≥ 275 MPa | Common reference for annealed condition |
| Elongation | ≥ 20% | Supports fabrication in annealed state |
| Hardness | ≤ 217 HBW | Typical maximum in specifications |
410 performs reliably in fresh water, steam, and many mild alkali or mild acid environments. It provides better oxidation resistance than carbon steel and remains stable in hot service up to about 700°C.
It is generally not recommended for marine or chloride-rich exposure where pitting risk is high. If salt or strong chlorides are part of the duty, discuss alternative grades early.
410 can be supplied in a wide range of industrial forms. Availability depends on tolerances, finish, inspection scope, and lead time.
| Form | Typical size range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Sheet (cold rolled) | Thickness 0.3–6.0 mm, width 1000–2000 mm | Common for fabrication and cut-to-size |
| Plate (hot rolled) | Thickness 3–100 mm, width 1000–2000 mm | For heavy parts and pressure hardware |
| Cold-rolled coil | Thickness 0.3–6.0 mm, width 1000–2000 mm | Slitting and cut-to-length available |
| Hot-rolled coil | Thickness 3–14 mm, width 1000–2000 mm | Used for thicker projects |
| Strip | Width 7–600 mm, thickness 0.3–10 mm | Parts production and forming |
| Seamless pipe | OD ≤ 610 mm, WT 1–100 mm | Specify NDT, hydrotest, and marking rules |
| Welded pipe | OD 6–3000 mm, WT 1–100 mm | Define welding method and inspection scope |
| Round bar | Diameter 1–200 mm, length 100–12000 mm | Machining and precision parts |
| Flat bar | Width 20–800 mm, thickness 3–60 mm | Supports and fabricated components |
| Angle / channel / beam | Angle 20–250 mm; channel 50–400 mm; beam 100–1000 mm (typical) | Project-driven supply, confirm exact sizes |
410 performance depends strongly on heat treatment. Confirm the required state (annealed, hardened, tempered) before purchase.
| Process | Typical range | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Anneal | 815–900°C, slow furnace cool | Softens the steel for machining and forming |
| Harden | 925–980°C, oil or air quench | Builds high hardness and strength |
| Temper | 150–370°C | Adjusts hardness and improves toughness |
- Machining: best in annealed state; use rigid tools and slower cutting speeds.
- Welding: preheat to about 200°C and post-weld temper to relieve stress.
- Surface finishing: grinding, polishing, and passivation help restore a stable surface film.
These grades are all martensitic, but they are selected for different priorities. 410 is often used as a balanced option for strength and heat service.
| Topic | 403 | 410 | 420 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon (typical) | 0.08–0.15% | 0.08–0.15% | 0.15–0.40% |
| Chromium (typical) | 11.5–13.0% | 11.5–13.5% | 12–14% |
| Hardness after heat treatment | Medium | High | Very high |
| Corrosion resistance | Good | Good | Moderate |
| Toughness | Better than 410 | Standard | Lower |
| Machinability | Excellent | Fair | Poor |
| Typical use | Turbines & fasteners | Machinery & heat service | Blades & tools |
Use these internal tools to confirm equivalents, estimate weight, and plan tolerances before you issue an RFQ.
Is 410 stainless steel magnetic?
Yes. 410 is martensitic, so it is magnetic in both annealed and hardened states.
Can 410 be used in marine environments?
It is not ideal for seawater immersion or heavy chloride exposure. If salt exposure is important, consider more corrosion-resistant grades.
What is the typical maximum temperature for 410?
Many applications use 410 up to about 700°C in air or steam service. Always follow your design code and duty cycle.
Is 410 weldable?
Yes, but welding procedures usually include preheat and post-weld tempering to reduce cracking risk. Confirm your procedure and code requirements before fabrication.
What information should I send for a fast quote?
Send grade, standard, size, quantity, surface finish, tolerance, heat treatment state, inspection needs, and destination port.